Gout

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden and severe attacks of pain, redness, swelling, and tenderness in the joints, most commonly the big toe.

It is caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and intense discomfort. Gout can be managed effectively with lifestyle changes and medication.

Risk Factors:

Diet: High intake of purine-rich foods like red meat, organ meats, and certain seafood.

Obesity: Excess weight can increase the risk of gout.

Family history: Gout tends to run in families.

Certain medications: Diuretics, aspirin, and some blood pressure medications can raise uric acid levels.

Medical conditions: Conditions like kidney disease and diabetes can contribute to gout.

Symptoms:

Sudden pain: Intense pain in a joint, often the big toe, that comes on suddenly.

Swelling: The affected joint may become swollen, red, and tender to the touch.

Warmth: The skin over the joint may feel warm.

Limited mobility: Movement of the joint may be restricted due to pain and swelling.

Diagnosis:

Physical examination: Your podiatrist will assess your symptoms and examine the affected joint.

Blood tests: Elevated levels of uric acid in the blood are indicative of gout.

Joint fluid analysis: A sample of fluid from the affected joint may be tested for uric acid crystals.

Prevention:

Maintain a healthy diet: Limit intake of purine-rich foods and maintain a balanced diet.

Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to help flush out uric acid.

Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity is a risk factor for gout, so aim to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.

Limit alcohol consumption: Alcohol, especially beer, can increase the risk of gout attacks.

Treatment Options:

Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, and corticosteroids are commonly used to manage pain and inflammation during gout attacks.

Lifestyle changes: Avoiding purine-rich foods, staying hydrated, and maintaining a healthy weight can help prevent gout attacks.

Medications to lower uric acid: Allopurinol and febuxostat are drugs that can help lower uric acid levels and prevent future gout attacks.

RICE therapy: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation can help alleviate pain and swelling during gout attacks.

  • Gout is a chronic condition, but it can be effectively managed with lifestyle changes and medications to prevent flare-ups.

  • Gout attacks typically last a few days to a week, with symptoms gradually improving with treatment.

  • Yes, gout can affect other joints such as the ankles, knees, wrists, and elbows.